In addition, we assessed the frequency of consumption of EDs mixed with alcoholic beverages. We measured the prevalence and frequency of ED consumption according to gender, degree programs, and specific university-related and social situations. Additional studies are needed to assess the relationship between caffeine dosing and clinical benefits in patients with TTH and migraine.īackground: The purpose of this study was to determine energy drink (ED) consumption patterns among Hispanic college students. This review provides evidence for the role of caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant in the acute treatment of primary headache with over-the-counter drugs, caffeine doses of 130 mg enhance the efficacy of analgesics in TTH and doses of ≥100 mg enhance benefits in migraine. The most common adverse events were nervousness (6.5%), nausea (4.3%), abdominal pain/discomfort (4.1%), and dizziness (3.2%). Compared with analgesic medication alone, combinations of caffeine with analgesic medications, including acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, and ibuprofen, showed significantly improved efficacy in the treatment of patients with TTH or migraine, with favorable tolerability in the vast majority of patients. The MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched by combining “caffeine” with the terms “headache,” “migraine,” and “tension-type.” Studies that were not placebo-controlled or that involved medications available only with a prescription, as well as those not assessing patients with migraine and/or tension-type headache (TTH), were excluded.
In this review, we consider the role of caffeine in the over-the-counter treatment of headache. Clinicians should be familiar with their use as well as the chemistry, pharmacology, dietary and medical sources, clinical benefits, and potential safety issues of caffeine. Caffeinated headache medications, either alone or in combination with other treatments, are widely used by patients with headache.
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